• We have learnt what Function Words (虚词) are, and 3 of the particles : 了, 的 and 得.
• Today we are going to learn a preposition (which is also part of function words) and its sentence structure – 把 （ bǎ ）
• We have learnt how to write the character ” 把 ” here. Now we are going to look into the grammar aspect of the character.
• ” 把 ” is used to shift the object to before the verb, which must be accompanied by some other word or expression. The sentence structure indicates that an action is applied to
  somebody or something with the emphasis that the action will bring about a result or influence.
• In term of word order, there is no equivalent in English.
• Sentence pattern:
  

  Subject	Adverbial Modifier		Predicate
  Doer of the action	Preposition “把”	Receiver	Action (verb)	Result caused by the action
  她	把	书	放	在桌子上了。
  他		门	关	好。
  麦克		作业	做	完了。
  我们		衣服	收拾	一下吧。

• Here are more examples based on the various kinds of complements:

 

1. Result complement.

There are either adjectives or verbs, which indicate the outcome of an action.

	Subject	Prep.	Receiver	Action	Result	Sound
把-Sentence	她	把	头发	剪	短了。
English	She cut her hair short.
Normal Form	她剪短了头发。

	Subject	Prep.	Receiver	Action	Result	Sound
把-Sentence	他	把	杯子	打	破了。
English	He broke the cup.
Normal Form	她打破了杯子。

 

2. Location complements using 在 phrases

	–	Prep.	Receiver	Action	Result	Sound
把-Sentence	请	把	杯子	放	在桌上。
English	Set the cup on the table, please.

 

3. Direction indicators as complements

	Subject	Prep.	Receiver	Action	Result	Sound
把-Sentence	我	把	衣服	放回	衣柜里去了。
English	I put the clothes back into the wardrobe.

 

4. Duration and frequency complements.

	Subject	Prep.	Receiver	Action	Result	Sound
把-Sentence	他	把	课文	复习了	两遍。
English	He revised the text twice.

 

5. 成 / 作 ‘treat … as’, ‘regard … as’ as complements.

	Subject	Prep.	Receiver	Action	Result	Sound
把-Sentence	他	把	我	当成了	他的哥哥。
English	He took me for his brother.

 

6. 给 ‘give to’ as complement.

	Subject	Prep.	Receiver	Action	Result	Sound
把-Sentence	她	把	信	转交给	玛丽了。
English	She passed the letter to Mary.

 

7. The manner/resultant state 得 phrase/clause as a complement.

	Subject	Prep.	Receiver	Action	Result	Sound
把-Sentence	他	把	头发	剪得	很短。
English	He got his hair clipped close.