After you learn the Initials and Finals, now you are going to learn the rules in forming syllable (Chinese pinyin). There are 7 rules covering all initial-final combination in Chinese pinyin.

Rules:

1. The final ‘iou’ changes into the form ‘iu’ when spelt with an initial.
   

   Initials	b	p	m	f	d	t	n	l	j	q	x
   -iou			miu		diu		niu	liu	jiu	qiu	xiu

2. The final ‘uei’ changes into the form ‘ui’ when spelt with an initial.
   

   Initials

   d

   t

   n

   l

   g

   k

   h

   z

   c

   s

   zh

   ch

   sh

   r

   -uei

   dui

   tui

   gui

   kui

   hui

   zui

   cui

   sui

   zhui

   chui

   shui

   rui

3. The final ‘uen’ changes into the form ‘un’ when spelt with an initial.
   

   Initials

   d

   t

   n

   l

   g

   k

   h

   z

   c

   s

   zh

   ch

   sh

   r

   -uen

   dun

   tun

   lun

   gun

   kun

   hun

   zun

   cun

   sun

   zhun

   chun

   shun

   run

4. The final ‘uen’ changes into the form ‘un’ when spelt with an initial.
   

   Initials	j	q	x	y
   -ü	ju	qu	xu	yu
   -üe	jue	que	xue	yue
   -üan	juan	quan	xuan	yuan
   -ün	jun	qun	xun	yun

5. ‘i’ in the syllables ‘zi’, ‘ci’ and ‘si’ is not the common final ‘i’, but a blade-alveolar vowel. The pronunciations of the syllables ‘zi’, ‘ci’ and ‘si’ are the same as those of the initials ‘z’, ‘c’ and ‘s’.
6. ‘i’ in the syllables ‘zhi’, ‘chi’, ‘shi’ and ‘ri’ is not the common final ‘i’, but a blade-alveolar vowel. The pronunciations of the syllables ‘zhi’, ‘chi’, ‘shi’, ‘ri’ are the same as those of the initials ‘zh’, ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘r’.
7. When finals in the columns ‘i’, ‘u’ and ‘ü’ make syllables themselves without the exists of Initials , they are written as follows:
   • i = y
   • u = w
   • ü = yu

   i = y
   Finals	-i	-ia	-iao	-ie	-iou	-ian	-in	-iang	-ing	-iong
   Syllables	yi	ya	yao	ye	you	yan	yin	yang	ying	yong

   u = w
   Finals	-u	-ua	-uo	-uai	-ue	-uan	-un	-uang	-ueng
   Syllables	wu	wa	wo	wai	we	wan	wun	wang	weng

   ü = yu
   Finals	-ü	-üe	-üan	-ün
   Syllables	yü	yue	yuan	yun