Worksheet 67:

病 找 够 站 双

Happy learning!

1. 了 as Aspect Particle （动态助词）

• When the particle 了 (le) is added after a verb, it is known as “aspect particle”.Verb +了
• The aspect particle 了 expresses the completion of an action. A completed action may take place in the past, present, or future and a time word or phrase is used to express this. (This overlaps somewhat with the English perfect aspect, i.e. “to have gone”, “to have eaten”).
  Example:

  1. I drank two cups of tea. tā hē le liǎng bēi chá 。 他 喝 了 两 杯 茶 。 [Audio clip: view full post to listen] * The 了 here is used to modify 喝 (drink) into an action which has already been completed.

  2. I bought a bicycle. wǒ mǎi le yī liàng zì xíng chē 。 我 买 了 一 辆 自 行 车 。 [Audio clip: view full post to listen] * The 了 here is used to modify 买 (buy) into an action which has already been completed.

  3. I bought the plane tickets. wǒ mǎi dào le jī piào 。 我 买 到 了 机 票 。 [Audio clip: view full post to listen] * The aspect particle 了 should be placed after the complement of result 到.

  4. Did you buy some? nǐ mǎi dào le méi yǒu ？ 你 买 到 了 没 有 ？ [Audio clip: view full post to listen] * 没有 can be added to raise a question.

• The aspect particle 了 can also be used to indicate sequential actions.
  Example:

  1. I’ll pick you up after I finish my dinner. děng wǒ chī le fàn zài qù jiē nǐ 。 等 我 吃 了 饭 再 去 接 你 。 [Audio clip: view full post to listen]

  In this sentence there were two actions taking place: action 1 吃 (eat) and action 2 接 (pick up). Action 1 吃 takes place before action 2 接, so it has an aspect particle 了 right after the verb 吃 to indicate that the action 2 接 takes place only after action 1 吃 is accomplished.

2. 了 as Modal Particle （语气助词）

• When the particle 了 is added at the end of a sentence, it is known as modal particle (Wiki).
• The modal particle 了can be used to express various different shade of meaning.
• In common circumstances, the modal particle 了 at the end of a sentence denotes that the situation has changed.
  Example:

  1. Now he has a girlfriend. xiàn zài tā yǒu nǚ péng yǒu le 。 现 在 他 有 女 朋 友 了 。 [Audio clip: view full post to listen] * Previously, he doesn’t have a girlfriend.

• If the modal particle了 works with the adverb 太, it indicates excessiveness.
  Example:

  1. This book is too expensive. zhè běn shū tài guì le 。 这 本 书 太 贵 了 。 [Audio clip: view full post to listen]

• If the modal particle 了 works the adverb 要 / 快要 / 将要, it describes an action that will happen in the future.
  Example:

  1. He is going to retire soon. tā kuài yào tuì xiū le 。 他 快 要 退 休 了 。 [Audio clip: view full post to listen]

Notes

• 了 can exists as an aspect particle as well as modal particle in one sentence.
  For example:

  1. The place looks quite different now. zhè dì fāng biàn le yàng le 。 这 地 方 变 了 样 了 。 [Audio clip: view full post to listen] * The first 了 is a aspect particle, while the 了 at the end of the sentence is a modal particle.

Worksheet 66:

车 米 田 草 慢

Happy learning!

• This is a simple exercise. 重组 （zhòng zǔ） means rearrange, 词 （cí） means word and 句 （jù） means sentence.
• Rearrange the characters below to form a meaning sentence.
• Have a nice weekend.

tips | hide

tips | hide

tips | hide

tips | hide

tips | hide

tips | hide

tips | hide

tips | hide

tips | hide

tips | hide

hide | show the anwser

Worksheet 65:

骂 骑 泥 马 让

Happy learning!

• Here is the complete poem. Practice with the correct tones until you can read it with no mistakes.
  

  妈妈骑马，

  马慢，

  妈妈骂马。

• Female voice:
  

  [Audio clip: view full post to listen]

• Male voice
  

  [Audio clip: view full post to listen]

• For vocabulary, we have learnt almost all the words. Here are the meanings and links:
  

  	妈妈	：	mother	link
  	骑	：	ride	link
  	马	：	horse	link
  	慢	：	slow
  	骂	：	scold	link